Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Civil liberties refer to the fundamental rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to individuals, primarily by law, to protect them from government interference. This definition emphasizes that these rights, such as freedom of speech, the right to privacy, and the right to due process, are enshrined in legal frameworks like the Constitution and various amendments. The legal protection ensures that these liberties cannot be easily infringed upon by governmental authority.

The emphasis on "fundamental" reflects their essential role in maintaining a democratic society where individual rights are respected. This understanding is crucial for recognizing how civil liberties serve to safeguard individuals against abuses of power, allowing for personal autonomy and expression within the bounds of a lawful society.

In contrast, the other options either mischaracterize civil liberties or describe rights and privileges that may not have the same legal foundation or protections. For instance, rights granted by society may suggest that these liberties can be changed or revoked based on societal will, which undermines the inherent protection civil liberties are supposed to provide. Similarly, privileges bestowed upon citizens imply a more conditional grant that can be taken away, whereas civil liberties are seen as inherent rights. Governmentally regulated guidelines do not capture the essence of protection from government action; instead, they often involve restrictions that may infringe