What is the definition of impeachment?

Impeachment is defined as a charge of misconduct against a public official, particularly those holding significant governmental positions such as the President, members of Congress, and federal judges. This process serves as a critical mechanism for holding officials accountable and ensuring that they adhere to the law and ethical standards while in office.

The impeachment process typically involves an investigation and a formal accusation, which may lead to a trial. If found guilty, the official may be removed from office, but it is important to note that impeachment itself does not equate to removal; rather, it is the first step in a larger process designed to address serious allegations of misconduct, such as bribery, treason, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

In contrast, other options provided, such as a formal accusation of treason or the removal of a judge from office, represent specific circumstances or outcomes that could arise from an impeachment process but do not capture the comprehensive definition of impeachment itself. Additionally, the approval of presidential appointments relates to a separate function of government rather than the impeachment process. Understanding the correct definition of impeachment is crucial for grasping how governmental checks and balances function and the responsibilities of public officials.