What is meant by the term "enumerated powers"?

The term "enumerated powers" refers specifically to the powers that are explicitly listed in the Constitution. This concept is fundamental to the structure of the U.S. government, as it delineates the specific areas where the federal government is granted authority. The enumeration of powers is found primarily in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, where certain powers are granted to Congress, such as the power to tax, regulate commerce, and declare war, among others. This framework is crucial because it establishes the boundaries of federal authority and ensures a system of checks and balances by preventing the government from overstepping its granted powers.

The other concepts, while related to powers within the government framework, do not accurately define enumerated powers. Powers granted solely to the states pertain to state sovereignty and are known as reserved powers. Powers granted to the Supreme Court involve judicial authority but are not the focus of enumeration. Finally, powers revoked by recent legislation do not pertain to the Constitution's enumerated powers, as they relate to changes in law rather than foundational constitutional authority.