What does the term “checks and balances” refer to?

The term “checks and balances” refers to the system implemented in government designed to ensure that no single branch becomes too powerful. This principle is foundational to democratic governance, particularly in the United States, where power is divided among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has specific responsibilities and powers, and mechanisms are put in place to allow them to monitor and limit each other's actions.

For instance, the legislative branch can create laws, but the executive branch has the power to veto those laws. Similarly, the judicial branch can review laws to determine their constitutionality. This interplay creates a balance of power, making it difficult for any one branch to act unilaterally and thus protecting democratic ideals and preventing tyranny.

The other options presented do not accurately represent the concept of checks and balances, as they focus on aspects like legislative efficiency, financial strategy, or election procedures, which do not relate to the distribution and limitation of power among government branches.